Microscopic colitis
DEFINITION
Microscopic colitis is an inflammation of the large intestine (colon) that causes persistent watery diarrhea. The disorder gets its name from the fact that it’s necessary to examine colon tissue under a microscope to identify it.
There are two types of microscopic colitis:
- Collagenous colitis, in which a thick layer of protein (collagen) develops in colon tissue
- Lymphocytic colitis, in which white blood cells (lymphocytes) increase in colon tissue
It isn’t known whether collagenous (kuh-LAYJ-uh-nus) colitis and lymphocytic colitis are two separate disorders or represent different phases of the same condition. However, symptoms of collagenous colitis and lymphocytic colitis are similar, as are testing and treatment.
The symptoms of microscopic colitis can come and go frequently. Sometimes the symptoms resolve on their own. If not, your doctor can suggest a number of effective medications.
CAUSES
It’s not clear what causes the inflammation of the colon found in microscopic colitis. Researchers believe that the causes may include:
- Medications that can irritate the lining of the colon
- Bacteria that produce toxins that irritate the lining of the colon
- Viruses that trigger inflammation
- Immune system problems, such as rheumatoid arthritis or celiac disease, that occur when your body’s immune system attacks healthy tissues
SYMPTOMS
Signs and symptoms of microscopic colitis include:
- Chronic watery diarrhea
- Abdominal pain or cramps
- Weight loss
- Nausea
- Fecal incontinence
When to see a doctor
If you have watery diarrhea that lasts more than a few days, contact your doctor so that your condition can be diagnosed and properly treated.
